Managing the bureaucracy Week 6 #11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managing the bureaucracy Week 6 #11 - Essay Example The advantage for elected officials is the fact that they know these people and how they work. They are simply pulling trusted people from the pool they know. The problem with patronage is that unqualified individuals may end up in the bureaucracy. Merit is the most highly approved method of forming a bureaucracy. The idea that government officials are competent in their jobs and worked hard to get them sounds great to voters. The problem of deciding what merits to measure becomes paramount when too much emphasis is placed on taking a test and accomplishing a certain score. There are skills that tests do not answer. It also eliminates talented individuals from government that did not have the chance to get a decent education. Executive leadership is often what is looked for in high level appointments to the President’s cabinet. These skills are vital for running huge organizations such as the Department of Education or the Environmental Protection Agency. The problem with appointment by executive leadership lies in the fact that governments and corporations are different. The executive in a corporation can eliminate 10,000 jobs and get a raise. The cabinet member that cuts 10,000 jobs in the Department of Education will be a liability for the President next

Ampalaya Coffee Essay Example for Free

Ampalaya Coffee Essay This investigatory project aims to prepare and also to make a coffee from the â€Å" Ampalaya Seeds†. We know that Ampalaya or also known as Bitter melon is known for as its bitterness and astringent taste , the bitter melon can see everywhere. This investigatory project encourage us students to make a coffee, as an alternative product . This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of the ampalaya seeds as coffee. The researchers used powdered Ampalaya seeds in this study. After researching and collecting the raw materials, the researchers were able to begin the experimentation. The coffee was obtained by drying, grinding, and roasting the seeds of ampalaya, and boiled. After boiling, the coffee was manually extracted with the use of a clean cloth. The study focuses on producing coffee out of ampalaya seeds. It does not aimed to determine which coffee (ampalaya seeds vs. commercial coffee) has more nutritional value or which is more nutritious. II. Acknowledgement. We would like to thank to the following person that are help us to start and to continuing this our Investigatory Project ,including the following to our ALMIGHTY GOD that help us and give us strength and knowledge to explain the main idea of this investigatory project . To our parents and also our friend who give us supports to finish our Investigatory Project. For our parents that supplies our needs , including the financial needs . THANK YOU !!!!!! Chapter 1: Introduction In our modern generation , many people in our country used coffee especially our grandparents and also our parents. Coffee is known as beverage to the majority of the people. It is known for its stimulating effect on the functions of the brain , thus making the drinker active . Variants of coffee flavors were already produced all throughout the world aiming for the discovery of alternative sources of coffee production . The coffee from ampalaya seeds help us to earn and save money . A. Background of the study Coffee alternatives have been famous since the last two decades due to economic crisis and experimentations for health and medical benefits. Any seeds that are edible when powdered can be used as an alternative source for coffee. The difference of the generic coffee from the seeds of the coffee plant from those of the alternatives is that it has a good amount of caffeine content. The similarity you can find in the alternatives and those of the original is that seeds contain carbohydrates which cause the aroma in roasted coffee. Ampalaya, on the other hand, is a crawling vine that grows mostly on tropical countries like the Philippines. It is said to be rich in iron, potassium, beta-carotene and other nutrients. It is also famous in treating diabetes because of its properties like polypeptide-P; a plant insulin that can lower blood sugar levels. Many researches on agricultural food chemistry convey that it provides nutritionally significant amounts of nutrients, minerals and amino acids that are needed for life. B. Objectives of the study B1. General Objectives 1. To determine if the ampalaya seeds have considerable characteristics of the products in terms of color, aroma, taste, and acidity. B2. Specific Objectives 1. To produce coffee using ampalaya seeds as the main ingredient. 2. To determine and compare the levels of acceptability of the coffee samples. C. Hypotheses NULL 1. There is no significant difference among the different ampalaya coffee samples developed in terms of their color, aroma, and taste. ALTERNATIVE 1. There is no significant difference among the different ampalaya coffee samples developed in terms of their acceptability. D. Significance of the study Momordica Charantia or ampalaya seeds contain iron and folic acid which are essential for the production of the red blood cells and the formulation of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Coffee is usually drunk hot, black or with cream and sugar and also drunk cold as iced coffee, specially summer. People are used of drinking coffee every morning to warmth their body and at night to avoid being sleepy. But coffee contains a stimulant called caffeine. The result of this will determine if the coffee made from ampalaya seeds can be use as a substitute for the commercial coffee. This study aimed to produce coffee using ampalaya seeds as substitute. The study was important because ampalaya is abundant in the Philippines. The product may be an anti-diabetes coffee but it is not the main concern of the study. Everybody can benefit of the result of the study unless a coffee drinker. It would recycle the ampalaya seeds instead of being thrown away which a lot of people consider it as waste. E. Scope and limitation The proposed study was limited to producing coffee out of ampalaya (Momordica charantia Linn. ) seeds. Three samples were prepared with different ampalaya seed concentration and same amount of water for comparison purposes in which one of the samples was pure commercial coffee. The samples were processed by the basic methods of making coffee: roasting, grinding, and brewing.

Industrialization Essay -- History Historical Industrial Essays

Industrialization The Industrial Revolution began over two centuries ago and has had a major impact on every current world power. It began in a group of islands off the North West coast of Europe and has been imitated or tried by every nation looking to increase its wealth and power throughout the world. Industrialization came out of the basic ideas of capitalism because it fostered to individuals who were willing to take high risks in hopes of high returns on their investments. These investments included factories and machines that would be put to use by people to better their standard of living. These entrepreneurs would return their profits back into the expansion and improvement of their factories and machines. This method, included with the low wages being paid to the workers, would in return yield the factory owner more and more money. One element of industry that cannot be forgotten is the fact that the industry must follow the trends and tastes of the current society and if not it is inevitably going to fail. To stay ahead of the competition that is created in a society that has competing factories one must continually be seeking out new products and improving the old ones, one also must do everything they can to reduce the cost of the products to the consumer. The process of cost reduction goes back to affect the workers salary because the less an owner has to pay its employees the cheaper a product can be produced. The natural resources needed in an industrialized nation cannot be produced by one nation alone, but must rely on the imports from poorer countries that are still in the beginning stages of industrializing. Since the beginning of the British industrialization many ... ...pe us into what we are today. Notes 1. Bruland, Kristine, British Technology and European Industrialization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 3. 2. Kemp, Tom. Industrialization in the Non-Western World. (New York: Longman Group Limited, 1983), 4. 3. Kemp, Industrialization in the Non-Western World, 10. 4. Kemp, 13. Bibliography Bruland, Kristine. British Technology and European Industrialization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Cody, David. â€Å"Child Labor,† http://65.107.211.206/victorian/history/hist8.html (22 October 2000). Kemp, Tom. Industrialization in the Non-Western World. New York: Longman Group Limited, 1983. Silverio, Felix. â€Å"Conditions of the Working Class and Child Labor,† http://www.gober.net/victorian/reports/labor.html (28 September 1999 Related Link

Essay --

Previously it has suggested from studies that rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy varies between Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasian women mainly due to the presence of risk factors that are associated with chronic hypertension. Furthermore, Hispanic ethnicity and multiple gestations are an independent risk factor for preeclampsia. Therefore, in Hispanic women if hypertension is diagnosed early in pregnancy there is an increased likelihood of presence of early preeclampsia. In this study, Wolf et al. examined the relative risk rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension by conducting a prospective cohort study of normotensive, nulliparous Hispanic (n = 863) and non-Hispanic Caucasian women (n = 2,381). It was determined that in comparison with non-Hispanic Caucasian women, Hispanic women have significantly decreased incidence of gestational hypertension (1.6% versu s 8.5%; P ...om the review that infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes and HDP are more likely to have hypertension and diabetes as these diseases have their origin in fetal life. Based on review there is a minutely increased risk of preeclampsia in nulliparous Black women than nulliparous White women however opposite is true for parous Black and White women. Hispanic women are more likely to present with preeclampsia than gestational hypertension as Hispanic race is independent risk factor developing preeclampsia. It is suggested that pregnancy may provide an opportunity to recognize the opportunity to detect women who either have subclinical symptoms of CVD or at heightened risk for CVD later in life thus making lifestyle changes are necessary and if other clinical interventions such as frequent monitoring should needed be implemented before the onset of disease.

Criticism Philosophy Essay

Not too many people can listen none defensively, or none antagonistically, to criticism. And very few of those who listen admit it when they see that they are wrong. The thing is, we think that admission of guilt, or of being wrong, or that we have made a mistake, is a sign of weakness. Yet true failure is repeatedly refusing to see your faults. Learning to listen to criticism is a life skill that we’d all do well to master. It is about keeping our hearts open (deferring judgment), and ensuring that we are not emotionally aroused (intimidated, irritated, etc.) by our critic (this is deferring reaction). Learning to listen to criticism is about carefully absorbing what is being said, and then honestly evaluating if it is fair, true, constructive or destructive. Only after we’ve carefully listened to and evaluated the criticism can we respond to it. SECTION B: HOW TO TAKE CRITICISM 1). See criticism as an opportunity to work together with the critic to solve the problem; not as an adversarial situation. Even if you can’t solve the problem together with the critic, consider the moment they criticize you as an opportunity for all of you to grow from whatever the problem is. See it as an opportunity for straightening things out; as an opportunity to hear them out, question them where you need clarity; and as an opportunity for you to clarify what needs to be clarified. This calls for changing your mindset; for changing your attitude (from an adversarial one to a positive one) towards criticism. 2). View criticism as valuable information about how to do better, not as a personal attack. Criticism, regardless of whether it is used as a constructive or a destructive tool, can provide us with valuable feedback on our performance. It provides us with feedback on where we’ve fallen short, and that (i.e., knowing what we need to improve on) is important for our learning and growth. So even when your critic uses criticism as a destructive tool (e.g., as a personal attack, or as a way to put you down, or as a way to manipulate you, or as a way to maintain a psychological advantage), identify his intention but decide to pay particular attention to the criticism itself. Evaluate the criticism itself, and identify what feedback you may get from it. To be able to evaluate the criticism, you must †¦ 3). Listen carefully to what is being said. This is taking up all the data, and evaluating it to see if it has any validity. 4). Watch the impulse to defend (See Defense Mechanisms): Just listen and evaluate. Know the difference between emotional thinking and rational thinking; use your head, not your heart. Don’t give in to your emotions (be it laughter, anger, fear, or whatever): simply listen! 5). And if the criticism is too upsetting, ask to resume the meeting later; after a period to absorb the difficult message, and cool down a bit. SECTION C: HOW TO GIVE CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM 1). BE POLITE AND SENSITIVE. This is a call for empathy; for being attuned to the impact of what you say, and how you say it to the person on the receiving end. The person (on the receiving end) is most likely to be defensive. S/he may resort to loud and angry words, or may even cry. Be ready for whatever reaction (including rebuffs, or attacks to hurt you back; breaking down into tears; begging you for forgiveness and sympathy; and so on. There is a whole catalog of reactions to criticism: be ready for any of them, and maintain your calm). 2). BE SPECIFIC. Don’t criticize the whole person (by using global labels or sweeping generalizations). It is demoralizing for people to know that there is something wrong without knowing what the specifics are, so that they can change. Focus on the specifics; saying what the person did well, what was done poorly, and how the situation could be changed. The following approach is very effective (I call it the VWXYZ-approach): V – Tell the person what they did well (â€Å"You did this and that very well.†); W – Tell the person how happy you are, and/or how beneficial to you (or to the organization) this positive input was; X – Tell the person what was poorly done; Y – Tell the person what the damage means to you (or to the organization); Z – Give the person suggestions, if you have any, as to how the situation can be changed or rescued. Tell them how they would be expected to handle a similar problem in future. 3). OFFER A SOLUTION (See Z above). The critique, like any useful feedback, should point to a way to fix the problem. Show the person other possibilities and alternatives. 4). BE PRESENT. Critiques, like praise, are most effective when given face to face, and in private. Writing a memo, letter, or email robs the person receiving the criticism of an opportunity for response or clarification. In conclusion, you have to differentiate between criticizing someone and fighting them because of your own secret agenda. When you criticize, you want the person to improve, so that s/he can be better, or so that you can live in harmony together. But when you fight someone, you criticize out of hate or resentment: your agenda is to hurt, not to help. SECTION D: THE MYTH OF REALITY We all see reality through different colored glasses. Our feelings, inborn abilities, psychological make-ups, personalities, egos, characteristics, physical or emotional well-being, fears, desires, needs, wants, beliefs, and so forth, all play a role in our perception of reality. The assertion, †THERE ARE NONE SO SURE ABOUT (THEIR PERCEPTION OF) REALITY AS THOSE WHO ARE TOTALLY DELUSIONAL,† has a grain of truth in it; at least when it comes to things that can be disputed. Since our perceptions of reality differ, those who criticize us do so based on the perceptions (of reality) that they have in their minds. Our critics’ perception of the reality of what they are criticizing us of usually differs from ours. If one perception can be demonstrated to be 100% correct, then those on the wrong side of perception should admit that they are wrong, without any fear of being conceived as weak! The real truth is that admitting that you are wrong (when you realize that you are) is a sign of being strong minded. If, as in many cases, none of the various perceptions of the conflict-causing situation can be demonstrated to be 100% correct, then we should acknowledge that our perceptions are different, and simply agree to disagree. Before you criticize someone, be sure that your own perception of reality is 100% correct. If you are not so sure, be sure to point out from the onset that you (and the one you are criticizing) have different perceptions of reality, but you are not sure whose perception is correct. You may then criticize the other person’s perception, and then defend your own. SECTION E: TYPES OF CRITICISM Behind each criticism, there is an INTENTION to either put down the one being criticized or to help them (i.e., to build them up). Whether one intends to build up or to destroy, they will use STATEMENTS which are either FACTUAL, or FALSE, or (as is usually the case) a MIXTURE of TRUTHS and LIES. To analyze and evaluate someone’s criticism, we have to LISTEN very carefully to what they say. If we are not sure that we have heard them correctly, we have to SEEK CLARIFICATION. We have to: I). IDENTIFY THEIR INTENTIONS (to help or to put down); II). DETERMINE THE MANNER IN WHICH THEY CRITICIZE US (are they patronizing/condescending/adversarial or tactful/sympathetic/building up?); III). DETERMINE WHETHER THEIR INFORMATION IS ACCURATE OR WRONG. We must SEPARATE FACT FROM FICTION. We now look at the different types of criticism. 1. CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM This occurs when your critic is motivated by the desire to help you; that is, when the person who criticizes you means well. Their manner of presenting the criticism may be good or bad, and they may possess facts, or a mixture of facts and fiction, or only inaccurate information. But the important thing is what drives the critic is the desire to help you. 2. DESTRUCTIVE CRITICISM In this kind of criticism, your critic’s intention may be one or more of the following: 2.1). PUTTING YOU DOWN. This may be in the form of a pointless nagging, or habitual recitation of your failures, or calling you names when they criticize you, or making sweeping generalizations; 2.2). ONE-UPMANSHIP. This occurs when one tries to maintain a psychological advantage over you, or to prove that they are better than you; 2.3). MANIPULATION. The critic may criticize what you are doing in an attempt to get you to do something else. This is often called CHILD PSYCHOLOGY. o SECTION F: RESPONDING TO CRITICISM There are two ways of responding to criticism; one is Ineffective Response, and the other is Effective Response. 1. INEFFECTIVE RESPONSE STYLES These are: 1.1). AGGRESSIVE STYLE. The techniques used include: – Counter Attacks; – Insulting or name-calling; – Loud Denials; – Mocking (Cynicism); and – Sulking in anger. This style of responding to criticism is adversarial, and often leads to fights and/or resentment. 1.2). PASSIVE STYLE. In this style of response to criticism, you agree, apologize, or surrender at the first sign of (a usually destructive) criticism. You may panic and tremble physically. Or you may remain silent in a coward manner (which is different from sulking angrily). In this response style, you give your critic too much power, while sending your own self-esteem crashing rock-bottom. You do not seek clarity, and you do not even try to defend yourself. You do not try to give clarity, even where you feel you have been misunderstood, or wrongly accused. You may even take responsibility/blame for things that you have not done or said. Your fear overpowers you, and you just wish to be left in peace! 1.3). PASSIVE-AGGRESSIVE STYLE. This may involve being silent, but not fully cooperative. Or you may respond passively by apologizing and agreeing to change, only to get even with your critic later; by not being fully committed to whatever you promised; or by botching it up; etc. 2. EFFECTIVE RESPONSE I). TRY TO DETERMINE YOUR CRITIC’S PERCEPTION OF REALITY. When someone criticizes you, ask yourself what may be their perception of reality; ask yourself what may be driving him/her to criticize you. Remember that we all see reality through different colored glasses. Resist all urges to respond (aggressively or passively, through panicking or being submissive) before evaluating the criticism. If you are not sure what your critic’s perception of reality is, and if you are allowed to, ask them (See III below). If you are not in a position to ask them directly, evaluate their criticism; for you may get, from the criticism itself, an idea of what your critic’s perception of reality is. In any case, it is important to be sure of what your critic’s perception of reality is. II). EVALUATE THE CRITICISM. It may be possible to tell from your critic’s tone of voice, from their facial expression, or from their posture, what their intentions of criticizing you are. It may be possible to tell this from context (this applies especially when you get a written critique). It is important to IDENTIFY what your critic’s INTENTIONS are. Whilst evaluating your critic’s criticism, do not jump into conclusions, and do not rush to responding. Forget your self-esteem, and concentrate exclusively on the criticism. – As already mentioned, you first have to identify your critic’s perception of whatever they are criticizing you of. – Next, identify the critic’s intention: Do they wish to build up or to destroy/hurt? Is their criticism constructive or destructive? – Next, determine the manner in which the critic gives the criticism: is it good or bad? Are they patronizing/condescending, or are they considerate of your own feelings? Hear their tone. Do they want to help or hassle? – You may also take into consideration your relationship with the critic. Is it a loved one? Is it your boss or superior? Is it a friend? Or is it someone who doesn’t even know you that much? Whatever the case, you want to live in harmony with the critic; but you also want to correct misconceptions. You want to clear the air, and clarify what needs to be clarified. – Check whether the criticism is accurate. Is the critic using facts, a mixture of truths and lies, or only lies? III). PROBE. As already pointed out in I), when someone criticizes you, they have a certain perception of what they are criticizing you of, and it is your right to be sure that you correctly understand what they say. – Ask your critic to be specific; not to make sweeping generalizations. – Ask him to support his claims. – Ask him whether he is sure of what he is saying. – Ask him what his perception of the situation is, and whether he is sure that his perception is correct. – Ask him to give examples of where you went wrong, and to tell you how you should have performed in those instances. – Ask your critic to tell you exactly What you must do. Having probed the critic, and having evaluated his criticism, decide whether his criticism is constructive or destructive; decide whether his manner of presenting the criticism is good (considerate) or bad (patronizing/condescending); and whether the information he uses is accurate, inaccurate, or a mixture of truths and lies. We now give guidelines on how to respond to (constructive and destructive) criticism. 2.1 HOW TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY TO CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM. Depending on your critic’s nature, he may couch his constructive criticism in terms of good suggestions for change, or he may patronize you. However well-meaning someone may be, patronizing and/or condescending (which occurs when someone tries to appear better) is bad, and is likely to provoke an adversarial reaction. This is because when someone is patronizing us, we are bound to feel uncomfortable, and we may give in to impulsive negative reactions. So even when your critic has good intentions, the MANNER of GIVING the CRITICISM may spoil it all (See â€Å"HOW TO GIVE CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM† in ‘CRITICISM PHILOSOPHY I’). In criticizing you, your critic will use some statements which are true or false, and/or some statements whose truth values may be unknown. He may have accurate or wrong information. – If, in criticizing you constructively, your critic uses accurate information, or facts, to patronize you, or uses facts in a condescending manner, you may acknowledge the truth or validity of his point(s), but point out that his patronizing (or attempts at appearing better) is spoiling or defeating his good purpose (i.e., to help). – If your critic puts his (accurate) information in a good manner, acknowledge the facts and thank him for pointing them out. Tell him that you are going to consider his points. – If your critic’s information is inaccurate, you may correct him. Thank him for trying to help if his manner is good; but if, in addition to using wrong information, your critic’s manners suck, tell him that not only is his information inaccurate but his patronizing or condescending is really uncalled for. – If your critic uses a mixture of facts and lies, acknowledge the facts (and give thanks for them), and correct misconceptions. 2.2 HOW TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY TO DESTRUCTIVE CRITICISM Let’s now suppose that you have determined, to your satisfaction, that your critic’s intention is not to help you, but: to put you down; or to maintain a psychological advantage over you; or to manipulate you. As in the constructive case, your critic will use some statements; some of which may be true, whilst others may be false. In handling such a critic, simply acknowledge what is true and refute what is a lie. Disprove what needs to be disproved, and state your opinion on what is neither here nor there. It is important not to pick a fight, but to concentrate on the criticism.

Human Cloning1 essays

Human Cloning1 essays And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrilsthe breath of life; and man became a livingsoul . . . and He took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; and the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made He a woman and brought her unto man. Human cloning is becoming one of the most controversial topics of our time. With recent technological breakthroughs, whole new fields are opening with amazing possibilities. Despite the great advantages that cloning can offer humanity, there are just as many negative aspects of the technology, which have given way to large anti-cloning groups who are gaining ground as to the future of this awesome power. In truth, cloning could very well be the best, or worst thing ever to happen to mankind. The possibilities of human cloning are vast indeed, but research in the area has been dramatically restricted in the United States and in some other countries. Pro-life groups that oppose free access to abortion have considerable political power, and were able to have all human embryo research banned by the Reagan and Bush administrations in most of the 1980s and the 1990s (religoustolerance). Although the ban was lifted during the first days of Bill Clintons presidency, in 1997 he sent a bill to congress marked immediate consideration and prompt enactment stating that it would be illegal to create a human clone whether in private or public laboratories. Along with the US ban, nineteen European countries including Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Moldova, Sweden, Macedonia, and Turkey, signed a protocol that would commit their countries to ban by law any intervention seeking to create human beings genetically identical to another hum an being, whether living or dead. It rules out any exception to the ban, even in the case of a completely sterile cou...

buy custom Radical Islamic Fundamentalism essay

buy custom Radical Islamic Fundamentalism essay Netflix is an American company established in 1997 by Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings. It specializes in providing on-demand internet streaming media and serves the United States of America, Latin America and Canada. Its headquarters is in Los Gatos, California. By 2009, it had approximately 10 million subscribers and distributed a collection of 100,000 DVD titles. By April 2011, Netflix had 23.6 million subscribers. The company is famed for its excellent worker-oriented culture, which includes unlimited vacation time and enabling staff to take paychecks in stock options. Netflix rates as among the most successful technology based ventures serving the United States, Canada, and Latin America. The topic of change management is a sensitive one, especially for Netflix. This is given the company has a very large clientele who can be negatively provoked by any negative venture by the management. Netflix has recently had some problems and lost a big amount of subscribers because of the inc rease of prices among other things. This occurred during the companys shift from physical DVD rental to video streaming. Thus, extra caution should be taken in managing the activities of Netflix. There are various change management models proposed, for instance Kotters 8-step model, Bridges Change model, Kubler-Rosss 5-stage model among many others. Let us use Kotters 8-step model and Bridges Change model for this crisis audit. In its undertakings, Netflix has used some aspects of Kotters model that emphasize urgency. For example, Netflix management has been quick in responding to its market shift. This is through expansion of the DVD rental business to include video streaming. This made a lot of sense, as the firm kept the same customer base, fulfilled the same needs of the customers, but most importantly in a different format. This is outstanding when compared with, for instance, Blockbuster, which despite its physical retail locations could not make such daring market shifts Netflix saw the urgency of migrating to electronic video streaming from physical video DVDs. William Bridges, on the other hand, proposes a theory of change that involves a three-phase process. These are mainly based on contrasting the change with transition (Green, 2002). When looked at using Bridges ideas, Netflix is deficient in some aspects. The introduction of video streaming in the established DVD rental business was confusing to customers. This could have been done better through separating the two business ventures and supporting them fully. By not doing this, Netflix did not afford clients the transition envisaged by Bridges. The companys website became a mixed up entity of choices between getting instant services or joining long queues of waiting for physical movie DVDs. Netflix added the video streaming service for free. On one hand, the company used the Kotters idea that emphasizes the creation of short come wins. However, this was ignoring the expectations of customers, which are central to both Kotters and Bridges models. By introducing streaming freely, some customers were made to believe that future services of Netflix would be free. In essence, this would never happen. Kotter argues that it is important to convince the stakeholders that the proposed change is necessary. This was overlooked by Netflix by introducing a service for free (streaming)and offering incentives for them to move from physical to electronic, instead of taking the time to explain the need and advantage of the change. Netflix change management deficiencies even took a greater nosedive when the company hiked the price for DVD rental and streaming service. Customers could not understand this increment of price because of a service they did not originally ask for. Netflix further went on to introduce a separate website for the two services and made it clear that the Netflix brand only applied to the streamingg service. Instead of concentrating of removing obstacles (as proposed by Kotter), Netflix added more barriers. These careless decisions motivated customers to try out alternatives to Netflix. Change can make a firm remain relevant in todays dynamic world. Taking advantage of new trends may enable a company to earn more income and grow. Change may also enable a company to solve immediate problems or evade future troubles. This can be elaborated by the example of Netflix, whose decision to venture into a virgin field of DVD marketing enabled it make a lot of profit (Green, 2002). Netflix has remained relevant today because of adopting new technologies, for instance video streaming. Netflix should continue to shop for cutting age technologies in order to remain relevant. A good shift would be adopting model-driven development in providing on-demand internet streaming media. A decision to pursue positive change may bring Netflix out of its current mess. Applying Bridges and Kotters change models may bring the desired future in the company. The company should refocus on the expectations of its clientele. This involves determining and addressing their complaints. Key challenges faced in managing change are lack of support from stakeholders, lack of foresight and communication barriers. In the case of Netflix, the clients-who are the stakeholders in this case- did not get proper communication about the need for change, thus failed to support or resisted the change to video streaming. The managers of Netflix failed to foresee the problems of merging physical DVDs and Video streaming services. Netflix should learn from this oversight and in future, adopt public relations ventures before introducing new ideas to the market. Change and change management should be planned. There should be wide consultation with both managers and clientele on the change proposed. In addition, change should be looked at from the long-term benefits rather than the short term wins. Buy custom Radical Islamic Fundamentalism essay

French Gestures ~ Understanding Using French Gestures

French Gestures ~ Understanding Using French Gestures If youve ever been to France or watched French movies, youve undoubtedly seen French people performing some familiar gestures as well as a few unfamiliar ones. While some gestures are vulgar, others are as innocuous as shaking or nodding ones head. In any case, it is as essential to understand this French sign language as it is any vocabulary. These pages include photos, explanations, and register ratings for 45 gestures. Top 10 French Gestures Among the dozens of gestures and facial expressions in these lessons, there are ten that really stand out. French Gestures by Register  (what is register?) Note that some gestures have different names and are thus listed more than once. Normal Informal Familiar Use with anyone Use only with people you tutoie Use only with close friends A peu prs Alors, l Ae, ae Baiser la main Au poil Barrons-nous Cest fini Bises Bisque ! Chut Bof Camembert Jai du nez Bouche cousue a pue On a sommeil Cest nul Cest pas donn Parfait Comme-ci, comme-a Clapet Pardon Dlicieux Coup dans le nez Rptez Faire la bise / le bisou Du fric Se serrer la main Faire la moue Ferme-la ! Silence Gallic shrug Il est cingl Tlphone Je le jure Je men fous Se tourner les pouces Jen ai ras le bol Mon il ! Un, deux, trois Sen jeter un derrire la cravate On se tire Magnifique Pied de nez Motus et bouche cousue Que dalle ! La moue Quelle barbe ! Nul Verre dans le nez On boit Passer sous le nez Poil dans la main Quest-ce quil chante, l ? Vulgar - Offensive Ras-le-bol Use with extreme care Rien Le bras dhonneur Shrug Cocu Sous le nez Va te faire foutre Victoire Zro

External assesment of Snyder's lance inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

External assesment of Snyder's lance inc - Essay Example y has managed to grow that thrive despite the fact that the snack industry is highly competitive is greatly affected by changes in the external climate such as economic and political change. The company was able to survive the recent economic crises which crippled many organizations (Standard & Poors, 45). This paper analyzes the Snyder Lance Inc in terms of its competitors and carries out a SWOT analysis to determine the companies threat, opportunities, strengths and weaknesses. The company currently faces market risks that are linked to energy cost, packaging and ingredients. Since the company has to adhere to certain protocol set for the food industry in terms of packaging and ingredients, this is a potential for increase in costs. The company incurs interest on existing debts depending on the US dollar and the Euro rates of exchange (Poole & Daryl, 37). To manage the risk of exposure to changing exchange rates, the company has entered into interest swaps that ensure that there is balance between the variable rate and fixed rate debt. The company is as exposed to risk of losses arising from exchange rate variation through its operations in Canada where it has a subsidiary. Raw materials used in this subsidiary are obtained by the Canadian dollar while the revenue is dominated by the US dollar. The company is also exposed to credit risk associated with its debtors. The company has over the years engaged in offering credit services to her customers. There i s a need to continually evaluate the customer credit standing to prevent the company from getting into bad debts (Slonecker, 138). Increase in amount in the account receivable has the potential of making it impossible to pay dividends on time and repurchase common stock. We are living in an age where the consumers are aware of the company’s responsibility towards the environment and energy consumption. The company is thus required to adopt greener technologies but at the same time ensure that it maintains

Organizational Structure of Spectrum Brand, Inc Research Paper

Organizational Structure of Spectrum Brand, Inc - Research Paper Example Project Management structure fosters the use of teams created from various departments, to achieve goals or create products. This type of structure can be beneficial to Spectrum, as it combines aspects of both a functional organization and project team structure. It effectively coordinates resources for various projects and allows personnel to retain membership on both the team and their functional departments.  However, the matrix structure has some inherent communications challenges. One such challenge is a line of authority and resource allocation ambiguity as personnel report to both their functional manager and the team/project manager. Confusion as to which manager’s authority takes priority regarding tasking can be addressed through the use of pre-established lines of authority, project plans, resource allocation plans, and timelines, as coordinated between the functional and team management. The ambiguity surrounding resource allocation can lead to personal disputes on the number of resources allocated to respective projects. Clearly defining the level of capital, resources, and lines of authority at the beginning of each project offers a viable solution for this dilemma. A second communication challenge is a need for common terminology. New terminology or  hinder productivity of the newly formed team. Management can address this by scheduling on-the-job or external training, as part of the project timeline. A third challenge is the lack of peer interaction from functional teams, due to logistics, if geographically dispersed. To combat this, management should ensure that periodic virtual or in-person team meetings are conducted, allowing personnel to stay abreast of developments in their functional area of expertise and promotional opportunities.

Chinese Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chinese Culture - Essay Example The mere aroma of the Chinese food wafting through the streets draws people into the restaurants. Chinese cuisine is popular for its variety and nutritional significance. There are noodles, pasta, spaghetti, rice and tortillas that are served with lightly fried chicken and vegetables. Chicken goes perfect with stir-fried capsicums, onions and bamboo shoots. Soy sauce, chilli sauce, ajinomoto and pepper blend into one another to create the signature taste that is the characteristic feature of the Chinese cuisine. The best thing about the Chinese cuisine is the fact that vegetables are only lightly fried so that their nutritional significance as well as taste remains intact. In addition to having unique ingredients and a distinct style of cooking, Chinese people also have their own individualistic way of eating the food. Nobody in the world can play with the noodles the way Chinese people do with the sticks and yet make sure that not a single droplet of the sauce is splashed on their s hirt. Chinese dress is characterized by beauty combined with modesty. There is very little show-off of the skin. The fabrics are mostly made in silk and the prints are eye-catchy. Chinese people like to wear bright colors, preferably shiny in the look like gold, silver, and royal blue. The silky texture of the clothes lends a shine even to some of the dullest colors on Earth. Chinese women prefer to hold their hair in a tight bun that is held in place by a wooden stick. The traditional view of a Chinese woman is that of a doll wearing a foot length bright silky red and blue robe with a paper-fan in her hand. It is not that Chinese have adopted a unique culture, they are naturally meant to be different. They can create everything but not the looks. One can identify a Chinese amongst 100 people. They have large round faces with black lustrous eyes curled slightly upwards in the corners. You can hardly observe any eyelids in the Chinese! And that happens to be one of the secrets

Interview with a Teaching Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview with a Teaching Professional - Essay Example I believe the best way to return to the society that had been spoon feeding you the whole life, is to deliver your knowledge and information to other seekers. With this motive in my mind I entered the profession and since then I am contended with my life. I feel as if I have found an inner peace by pursuing teaching. Interviewer: What is the success behind your achievements to date? Teacher: Dedication and sincerity towards my work is the sole reason for where I am standing today. There is no short way of achieving a lasting glory. One needs a lot of energy and hard work to invest and of course unmatchable patience. Interviewer: Coming on to the basics of teaching, what are some examples of typical, quick decisions teachers make on a daily basis? Teacher: Every day is different for a teacher in some way or the other. Although, one of the best practices of a teacher is that s/he is well-planned and organized before entering the class. Yet at times we have to make certain sudden decisi ons not initially planned. For abrupt decision making, the teacher should be capable, confident and decisive about the relevant issues. A change in lesson plan to accommodate with the mood of children and their learning capability is one of the examples. Something effective and interesting needs to be made up instantly to deliver the lesson in a different way as planned earlier. Moreover, a short notice of surprise visit of principal or other professionals to monitor our performance poses a challenge on our decision making ability. We have to modify our plans a little to adjust to the requirement. Sometimes children get ill or injured and deciding quickly as to what to do is an ordeal; whether to treat him/her in the school or call off the day for him/her and send the student home. The teachers are appointed certain duties other then teaching to deal with the other school affairs. If any teacher on duty is absent on that specific day, a change in the schedule cause some difficulties and then the newly appointed teacher has to delay her planned activities. Also here it is a policy that if any teacher is absent, any other teacher needs to take his/her class. In such a case it has to be decided instantly what to teach students. Interviewer: What were the five most difficult school-related decisions you made this week? What made them difficult? Teacher: Just recently we had a load of activity going on in the school, both for teachers and students. I was enrolled in a short course which I had to attend once a week, during week days. This meant that I would be sacrificing my class related plans. Since exams are approaching I had to make certain changes in the lesson plans and shift that one day’s work to other days. This certainly was difficult adjusting as it is recommended not to overload students with work. Then we have a sports day coming up in two weeks time. Preparation for it requires a lot of time which again means sacrificing the teaching-learning sc hedule and making it up for this short fall on other days. We had an unfortunate day in this week when a fire erupted in library wing due to negligence of one of the student. The fire siren created quite a scene with children petrified and struggling to get out of their classes. Organizing them in proper queues, helping them out safely and relaxing them was quite a task. During school break, children often get into fighting with each other while

Beauty Cuts More Than Skin Deep Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Beauty Cuts More Than Skin Deep - Essay Example In the article, the author tends to indicate that the practice of beautifying oneself is more or less a recent trend. Though this is not expressed directly but the indication and focus on more recent techniques such as Botox indicate that the author is analysing the situation in a recent perspective only. People have been in the race to beautify themselves from ancient times. There are indications to suggest that cosmetics were utilised by affluent men and women alike in the ancient Egyptian civilisation (Winter, 2005). Not only this, the practice of denying the usage of cosmetics and other beautification agents has been just as strong. In her article, Cannold (2012) suggests that the onus of using makeup or beautification agents and denying it falls squarely on women. However, this may not necessarily be true. The denial of using beautification agents is just as rampant in men as in women. Studies have indicated that the usage of cosmetics is more of a personal or individual affair than a gender related affair. The author indicates that women use Botox and other beautification agents but deny it in front of other women. She also implies that women are not concerned with Botox usage in men but instead are concerned with the use of such agents by other women. However, if this phenomenon is looked at in detail, it could be recognised that none of us, whether men or women, want to admit our fallibility to age. As indicated before, the use of beautification agents is not associated to gender anymore (Robertson, Fieldman, & Hussey, 2008). Instead, the old values are being replaced by new values where men and women alike want to deny the usage of any beautification agents. The author further develops her argument by presenting weight as a means of differentiating between women’s social groups. Cannold (2012) suggests that women of one weight category will socialise with each other only in order to justify their own weight. This serves as a weak argument since this argument can be generalised to nearly any gender and their socialisation patterns. It is relevant to note that men will only socialise with other men who share common physical characteristics. For example, body builder men will socialise with others who are conscious about their physical well being. This argument can also be extended further to espouse the third gender. Members of the third gender will only socialise with members of the third gender since they resemble physically. Hence, it could be concluded that physically similar people will socialise with each other whether you talk about men, women or about the third gender. The author extends her argument to indicate that women utilise beautification agents in order to fit into their social groups where 50 year olds seem like 40 year olds. Again, it could be argued that men tend to be just as choosy about their appearance and this can be demonstrated by looking at the corporate sector. Restricting the argument’s sc ope to women alone is rather lope sided since male corporate managers do their best to look and as fresh as a cucumber (Gimlin, 2002). Present-ability is one of the most esteemed characteristics of the corporate world especially at the higher levels. This applies across the board to men and women operating in those domains (Low, 2008). The author’

Interview with a Teaching Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview with a Teaching Professional - Essay Example I believe the best way to return to the society that had been spoon feeding you the whole life, is to deliver your knowledge and information to other seekers. With this motive in my mind I entered the profession and since then I am contended with my life. I feel as if I have found an inner peace by pursuing teaching. Interviewer: What is the success behind your achievements to date? Teacher: Dedication and sincerity towards my work is the sole reason for where I am standing today. There is no short way of achieving a lasting glory. One needs a lot of energy and hard work to invest and of course unmatchable patience. Interviewer: Coming on to the basics of teaching, what are some examples of typical, quick decisions teachers make on a daily basis? Teacher: Every day is different for a teacher in some way or the other. Although, one of the best practices of a teacher is that s/he is well-planned and organized before entering the class. Yet at times we have to make certain sudden decisi ons not initially planned. For abrupt decision making, the teacher should be capable, confident and decisive about the relevant issues. A change in lesson plan to accommodate with the mood of children and their learning capability is one of the examples. Something effective and interesting needs to be made up instantly to deliver the lesson in a different way as planned earlier. Moreover, a short notice of surprise visit of principal or other professionals to monitor our performance poses a challenge on our decision making ability. We have to modify our plans a little to adjust to the requirement. Sometimes children get ill or injured and deciding quickly as to what to do is an ordeal; whether to treat him/her in the school or call off the day for him/her and send the student home. The teachers are appointed certain duties other then teaching to deal with the other school affairs. If any teacher on duty is absent on that specific day, a change in the schedule cause some difficulties and then the newly appointed teacher has to delay her planned activities. Also here it is a policy that if any teacher is absent, any other teacher needs to take his/her class. In such a case it has to be decided instantly what to teach students. Interviewer: What were the five most difficult school-related decisions you made this week? What made them difficult? Teacher: Just recently we had a load of activity going on in the school, both for teachers and students. I was enrolled in a short course which I had to attend once a week, during week days. This meant that I would be sacrificing my class related plans. Since exams are approaching I had to make certain changes in the lesson plans and shift that one day’s work to other days. This certainly was difficult adjusting as it is recommended not to overload students with work. Then we have a sports day coming up in two weeks time. Preparation for it requires a lot of time which again means sacrificing the teaching-learning sc hedule and making it up for this short fall on other days. We had an unfortunate day in this week when a fire erupted in library wing due to negligence of one of the student. The fire siren created quite a scene with children petrified and struggling to get out of their classes. Organizing them in proper queues, helping them out safely and relaxing them was quite a task. During school break, children often get into fighting with each other while

Tom Regan and Animal Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tom Regan and Animal Rights - Essay Example There was a time when it was commonly accepted by â€Å"civilized† people that those of non-European descent deserved to be chattel. There was a time when women could be viewed as property. In general, it seems that humanity has over time increased its level of moral sophistication and expanded its moral universe. In particular, there has been a focus on rights-based analysis: People have intrinsic rights, inalienable, and it is always wrong to eclipse them. In the modern era, there are many, such as Regan, who submit that perhaps the next logical evolution in our expanding moral universe is animal rights, treating animals with certain inalienable levels of treatment Regan makes clear that animal rights generally mean just that: Rights that animals have to certain levels of treatment. Like all rights analyses, these arguments are deontological rather than utilitarian or consequentialist. Even if you can get a â€Å"good† outcome for killing a cow or experimenting on a rabbit, it is wrong because it violates some norm that, if the violation were universalized, would cease to exist. Society as a whole might benefit from animal testing, but it is still tortured. A key assumption to this argument is some kind of parallelism between animal and humanity. Virtually no one sheds a tear for the destruction of a rock. If a rock needs to be destroyed for society's good, there is no hand-wringing. The consequentialist analysis is assumed when we are speaking of the purely material world. Thus, animal rights debate center not just on the classic deontological-consequentialist debate, but also on the issues: What is life? If we view life as divine, is that divinity only confined to man? What matters in our moral universe? Is it sentience? If so, how much sentience? Is it the ability to feel pain? If so, to what degree of sensitivity? There are some who argue that animal rights are absolute, that just as a human's free speech can never be violated so can an animal's rights against pain or death never be undermined. Regan contrasts these people with those who view animal rights as something more contingent and fluid (70).

President Theodore Roosevelt Essay Example for Free

President Theodore Roosevelt Essay Theodore Roosevelt was an asthmatic, nearsighted, shy and physically weak child who later on became one of the most powerful Presidents of the United States. His leadership style was tough, yet his charisma kept him in the circles of smart people. His communication skills were popular among the masses but his tough leadership style was disliked by his fellow republicans. His leadership was considered too domineering by them. Although, much before succeeding as the President, he was the president of the board of New York Police commissioners. During his two years as its presidents, he radically transformed the organization. With his iron-will and honesty, he brought major reforms to the organization and saved its tainted image. His style of working with others was tough and usually liked to take unilateral decisions, yet his major decisions proved correct Theodore Roosevelt had a very ambitious personality.   He took up sports as diverse as boxing, hiking, horseback riding, and tennis. In his childhood, he was hyperactive and rather mischievous and was an excellent conversationalist (Thayer, 1919). He was an avid reader. He chose to lead a strenuous life despite the fact that his doctors advised him to find a desk job.   All these aspects of his personality later reflected in his life as a leader. His ambitious personality helped him overcome his physical abilities to become a powerful masculine figure and later became one of the most robust and ambitious U.S presidents. His hyperactive personality was later instrumental in his success as he became an activist and a reformer. His excellent communication skills helped him in his election campaign as it captivated the masses.   Above all, his personality aspect of being tough and leading a strenuous life was one of the prime reasons that he rose from being a timid boy to becoming among the most powerful U.S presidents (Morris, 2001). Issues that engaged my emotions Theodore Roosevelt had a poor state of health. From his physical condition, one could only infer that he would later end up finding a desk job and leading a normal life. But since his childhood, he had great ambitions. He worked out in gymnasium to improve his physical health and took up boxing to deal with bullies (Thayer, 1919). His memorable fight at Harvard is a testament of how hard work helped him achieve something others won’t expect of him (Thayer, 1919). I feel emotionally engaged with these issues because it would have taken him great pains to overcome his physical state, which was probably the reason for him being shy in childhood, to become a great man in history. The death of his mother and wife on the same day, both very dear to him, was also one of the issues I felt emotionally engaged with. His recovery from this great loss was an evidence of the strength of his personality and his emotional stability. Though, Theodore Roosevelt was awarded a Noble Peace prize for his efforts to end Russo-Japanese wars, he was equally eager to wage war with any country to test the naval supremacy of the U.S. I disagree with his hawkish stance when he disclosed his desire to fight war with any country. I also disagree with his position on racism. He was also a racist and seriously doubted the loyalties of Irish-American and German-American and termed them unpatriotic. No doubt, Theodore Roosevelt was an important historical figure. But there have been instances when his motives seemed to me more inclined towards personal gains rather than being towards national interest. He sought to give the President wide ranging authority and thus extended the president’s powers. He considered the president the sole authority to make decisions and in the process undermined the judiciary to some extent. He split his party and even split with his friend William Howard Taft, who was Roosevelt’s candidate for presidency (Morris, 2001). I am also critical of some of his actions. He was responsible for splitting his party and did not succeed in getting the loyalties of his fellow republicans, which was mainly due to their reservations about his domination of the party politics.   He was also responsible for establishing a temporary colonial rule over the Dominican Republic in 1905 and Cuba in 1906 (Morris, 2001). Instead of supporting President Wilson’s pledge of neutrality during World War 1, he became one of its biggest critics. If I were in place of President Theodore Roosevelt, I would have adopted a dovish approach to the problems of that time. I would have tried to ensure that fellow republicans have been taken into confidence on all major decisions, a step that could have proved useful for the President in his future campaigns. Instead of a hawkish approach towards enemies in World War 1 after the presidency, I would have supported the strategy of President Wilson. References Morris, Edmund (2001). The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. Modern Library. Roosevelt, Theodore (1913). An Autobiography. Thayer, Charles Roscoe (1919). Theodore Roosevelt.

Trend and effects of global immigration

Trend and effects of global immigration Trend and Effects of Global Immigration Immigration is a major political issue in the United States. Elections are won or lost based on candidates position on immigration reform. According to a 2008 Gallup Poll most people in the United States believe that immigration should be decreased. (Gallup, 2010) However, according to the same poll, since 2005 whites and blacks feel that immigration should be decreased. Conversely, the data shows that Hispanics believe immigration should be increased. In contrast, since 2005 whites, blacks and Hispanics all believe that immigration is a good thing for this country. Still, while whites and blacks believe that immigrants cost tax payers too much, yet Hispanics believe that immigrants do not cost tax payers too much. All those who responded to the Gallup Poll believe that immigrants are willing to take the low-paying jobs that Americans dont want (Gallup, 2010). While Gallup data provides insight only to trends in the United States, data from the Ogranisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) provides a snapshot of the reality of immigration around the world. OECD data shows that since 2005 foreign populations have increased in the majority of countries tracked. The greatest increases in foreign workers are in the United States, C anada, Italy, New Zealand, and Spain (2009). Trends The migration of people is not a new phenomenon. History shows that people have migrated since ancient times (Mueller, 2007). [M]igrations are not an isolated phenomenon: movements of commodities and capital almost always give rise to movements of people state Castles and Miller (as cited in Ryan, 2007). The Gallup data illustrates a trend in public opinion in the United States that immigration should be decreased (2010), yet internationally, including United States, OECD data shows a trend that actual immigration is steadily increasing each year (2009). The increase in immigration suggests another trend in the job market in which low paying jobs in this country are taken by immigrants, which supports the Gallup report stating that while there are many reasons for migration, the universal desire of all is to get a good job (Clifton, 2007). Historically, immigrants were poor males that were mostly unskilled. These men immigrated generally for economic reasons to send money back to their families (Ryan, 2007). Since 1970 the profile of an immigrant has evolved to include females who choose to migrate for a variety of reasons including family reunification, improved quality of life for their children and good jobs (Ryan, 2007; Piper, 2006; Horton, 2008; Clifton, 2007). Since 1980 women outnumber male immigrants in countries such as Australia, the United States, and Canada (Ryan, 2007). Impact of Immigration To the extent that people migrate to reunite their families, get a good job, or improve their financial situation, migration is beneficial to the individual. However, the ultimate benefits of migration come at a cost. For example, Mexican women often migrate to provide ideal lives for their children, influenced by their perceptions of the . . . classic Western ideals of childhood as a space protected from adult burdens and the sphere of monetized relationships . . . (Horton, 2008). In their quests to provide perfect lives for their children, these mothers are separated from their children for months or even years at a time in order to earn enough money to transport their children across borders. Separations are often longer than expected because of increased post-9/11 border enforcement. The cost for these mothers is the deterioration of their relationships with their children. To ensure that their children do not forget, them they send gifts to their children such as toys, candy and clothes. For the children left behind the cost for them is, ironically, at the expense their childhoods. For example, eldest daughters are left to mother younger siblings. Children left behind sometimes feel abandoned, which fosters anger at their absent mothers. These children may also suffer emotionally at the insults of classmates who make fun of them because their parents have migrated to another county (Horton, 2008). Additionally, depending on how they enter a country (i.e., as refugees, asylum seekers, or trafficked) and the jobs they perform (i.e., domestic labor, sex work, service industry work, unskilled labor), many women remain undocumented, which suggests that immigration numbers are even higher than reported (Piper, 2006). The economic impact of migration influences society both positively and negatively. Sending countries benefit from unemployment relief and substantial income through remittances from emigrants (Ryan, 2007). Yet, sending countries also suffer from the loss of skilled workers. (The US National Intelligence Council, 2001) Receiving countries benefit from a new workforce of skilled and unskilled laborers who fill the jobs the younger generation entering the workforce typically does not want. Unfortunately, employers whose businesses depend on skilled labor often take advantage of illegal workers with low pay, long hours, poor conditions, and work law violations. Yet without these workers many of these businesses would fold. Paradoxically, as the need for skilled workers increases, migrant workers will begin to demand higher wages as companies compete for their skills (Hemme, 2006). According to Clifton, all countries will compete for the key commodity that creates jobs: brain gain. Brain gain is defined as a citys or countrys attraction of talented people whose exceptional gifts and knowledge create new business and new jobs and increase that citys or countrys economy (2007). These human mega talents and their supporting employees impact their local economies through their purchasing power. They also impact their countrys GNP through the production of their companies goods. While countries that are able to attract the mega-talents reap the ultimate economic benefits (Gallup estimates one talented star per $100 million of GNP), conversely the countries from which the talent leaves suffer severe brain drain through the lack of skilled workers in health, aviation, mining, shipping and port operations (Clifton, 2007). Conclusion In my professional experience, I have witnessed the effects of immigration on education. There is tremendous benefit to students and districts in the sharing of diverse cultures and languages. However, increased enrollment of children whose parents may not pay taxes places a significant financial burden on school districts because of the need to hire additional teachers and provide meals and transportation. Districts realize a decrease in attendance revenue when migrant families return to their sending countries for extended periods of time. Because of language barriers, districts must provide more bilingual teachers, administrators and paraprofessionals to ensure communication with migrant parents and students. Equally important, test scores suffer because of language barriers and disparity in educational standards of the sending country and receiving district. Migration will continue, but the destinations chosen will ultimately depend on where people can get a good job (Clifton, 2007). Dramatic increases in immigration are predicted in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America triggered by violent conflicts, economic crises, and natural disasters (The US National Intelligence Council, 2001). Globalization and democratization will make such dramatic increases difficult to control. Mass migration from Mexico, Cuba and Haiti to the United States will be the result of poverty and political unrest (U.S. National Intelligence Council, 2001). Nations must heed these trends and predictions, prepare their infrastructures and develop plans to attract brain gain to ensure economic success for their citizens. REFERENCES: Hemme, B R(Summer 2007).Global migration as a solution to worker shortages in industrialized economies.Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table, RetrievedFebruary 23, 2010,fromAcademic OneFileviaGale: Horton,S..(2008). Consuming Childhood: Lost and Ideal Childhoods as a Motivation for Migration.Anthropological Quarterly,81(4),925-943. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:1616811601). Piper, N.(Spring 2006).Gendering the politics of migration (1).International Migration Review,40,1.p.133(32).RetrievedFebruary 23, 2010,fromAcademic OneFileviaGale: http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/gtx/start.do?prodId=AONEuserGroupName=novaseu_main Ryan, Jan. (2007). Globalization and migration in the 21st century: looking back into the future. Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Academic OneFile via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/gtx/start.do?prodId=AONEuserGroupName=novaseu_main The US National Intelligence Council on Growing Global Migration. (Documents).Dec 2001 Population and Development Review,27,4.p.817(3).RetrievedFebruary 23, 2010,fromAcademic OneFileviaGale: Gallup. (2010). Immigration. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/1660/Immigration.aspx#3

Suicide Essay -- essays research papers

Suicide is the third leading cause of death for people age 15 to 24. Accidents are number one and homicide just passes up suicide and come in second. According to the National Mental Health Association, â€Å"Each year, almost 5,000 young people, ages 15 to 24, kill themselves. The rate of suicide for this age group has nearly tripled since 1960†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (1). More and more teenagers are being pushed to the edge, as explained in the story of eighth grader, Luis. Luis was the skinniest eighth-grader in his class. He also wore glasses and had braces on his teeth, and the other students picked on him every day. They thought it was fun to push Luis into lockers and steal his money, because he was too weak to fight back. The teachers never did anything about it. "I should just kill myself," he thought, "then they would be sorry." He pictured them all at his funeral, wishing they had been nicer to him. After one very hard day at school, Luis decided it was time to teach them a lesson. He swallowed about twenty sleeping pills. Then hey just lay on his bed and felt glad that the other kids were going to regret making his life so hard (Schleifer 25). Teen suicide effects everyone; whether friends, family, or peers. There are many things that cause the need for suicide; there are many obvious warning signs, and also many ways to prevent someone from committing suicide. Even though most teens know that suicide is not a good way to solve their problems, there are many things that just push teens over the edge and cause them to commit suicide. Teens often feel alone, abandoned, ignored, or rejected and they feel that the only way to get some attention is to try to kill themselves. A feeling of hopelessness, depression, low self-esteem, and feeling like a failure are all of the main reasons why suicide is committed so often. Pressure can come from family, work, school, or friends to try to do better then the teen can actually achieve. Everyone knows how it feels to be close to someone and when that relationship is shattered, so is the person's esteem. When breaking up with a significant other, teens often feel very alone and that life can't go on without that other person who is now missing in their life. Even if that important relationship wasn't a romantic relationship, it can still greatly affect a person. If a teen moves away or has a close friend move away, th... ...no one can talk them out of it. Most of the time teens don’t want to die; they are just trying to reach out for help. If you try to help them, they will probably not go through with it. Talking to a depressed friend or family member about suicide will not put ideas in their heads. If anything, they may have been considering suicide and will most likely not go through with it if you talk about their problems with them. According to Suicide Wise, â€Å"The attempted suicide rate for high school females is more than twice as high as for males†(6). Teen suicide is a very hard thing to deal with considering there are many causes, effects, and ways to prevent suicides from happening to those who are close to us. A way to summarize what all of the possible causes for suicide are, is pretty much anything that would make someone very sad, depressed, or just very stressed out. Teens who feel they need to commit suicide often leave warning signs that are very obvious. They are just looking for someone to talk to and somewhere to get help with their problems. Suicide is the ultimate act of selfishness because teens do not understand how many people they are hurting by carelessly ending their life.

Classical and Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema Essay -- History Hollywo

Classical and Post-Classical Hollywood Cinema INTRODUCTION During the course of this essay it is my intention to discuss the differences between Classical Hollywood and post-Classical Hollywood. Although these terms refer to theoretical movements of which they are not definitive it is my goal to show that they are applicable in a broad way to a cinema tradition that dominated Hollywood production between 1916 and 1960 and which also pervaded Western Mainstream Cinema (Classical Hollywood or Classic Narrative Cinema) and to the movement and changes that came about following this time period (Post-Classical or New Hollywood). I intend to do this by first analysing and defining aspects of Classical Hollywood and having done that, examining post classical at which time the relationship between them will become evident. It is my intention to reference films from both movements and also published texts relative to the subject matter. In order to illustrate the structures involved I will be writing about the subjects of genre and genre transformati on, the representation of gender, postmodernism and the relationship between style, form and content. Classical Hollywood Classical Hollywood is a tradition of methods and structures that were prominent American cinema between 1916 and 1960.Its heritage stems from earlier American cinema Melodrama and to theatrical melodrama before that. Its tradition lives on in mainstream Hollywood to this day. But what is it? Classic narrative cinema is what Bordwell, Staiger and Thompson (The classic Hollywood Cinema, Columbia University press 1985) 1, calls â€Å"an excessively obvious cinema†1 in which cinematic style serves to explain and not to obscure the narrative. In this way it is made up of motivated events that lead the spectator to its inevitable conclusion. It causes the spectator to have an emotional investment in this conclusion coming to pass which in turn makes the predictable the most desirable outcome. The films are structured to create an atmosphere of verisimilitude, which is to give a perception of reality. On closer inspection it they are often far from realistic in a social sense but possibly portray a realism desired by the patriarchal and family value orientated society of the time. I feel that it is often the black and white representation of good and evil that creates such an atmosphere of predic... ... ed (BFI, 1990) we read †¦ â€Å"contrary to all trendy journalism about the ‘New Hollywood’ and the imagined rise of artistic freedom in American films, the ‘New Hollywood’ remains as crass and commercial as the old†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bordwell, Staiger and Thompson (The classic Hollywood Cinema, Columbia University press 1985) 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bordwell, Thompson Film Art, An Introduction ,7th ed (Mcgraw Hill, 2004) 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pam Cooke(ed) The Cinema Book,1st ed (BFI, 1990) 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Susan Hayward Cinema Studies The Key Concepts(, Routledge, 1999) 5. Jill Nelmes (ed) An introduction to film studies 3rd edition (Routeledge, 2003) Filmography TOUCH OF EVIL (Orson Welles, USA, 1958) Dracula (Tod Browning, Universal, US, 1931) Doctor Jekyll and Mr Hyde (Rouben Mamoulian, Paramount, US, 1931) The War of the Worlds (Byron Haskin, Paramount, US, 1953) Invasion of the body snatchers (Don Siegel, Allied Artists, US, 1955) Psycho (Alfred Hitchcock, Shamley, US, 1960) Night of the Living Dead (George A. Romero, Image Ten, US 1968) The Shining (Stanley Kubrick, Warner, US 1980) Taxi Driver (Martin Scorsese, Columbia, US, 1976) Blue velvet (David Lynch, De Laurentis, US, 1986)

Drug Trafficking in the United States Essay

Drug trafficking has become an even bigger problem than ever before in the world today. Now days, more people are buying, selling and using drugs. To people who do it, it is just a fast and easy way to get money, not knowing all the risks. Some drug dealers are even aware of the risk that comes with the action and they still do it anyways. There are many risks when dealing drugs and the risks are all different depending on what kind of drug it is and how addictive it is. Drugs are not only spreading fast through the streets, but today drugs and dealers have found their way into high school systems. The most common drug in high school is marijuana, more commonly known as pot or weed, and hashish or â€Å"hash. † Although this drug is said to be harmless or not addicting, it can still be dangerous in many ways. This is the reason drug trafficking in the USA must be stopped. Illegal drug trafficking from Mexico into the United States is and has been killing our society for many years. For decades, the border of the United States with Mexico has been used to smuggle illegal drugs into the country with the intention to sell it for illegal usage. Many of the drugs come from Mexico or other South American countries where drugs are easily grown. Once the drugs are grown and packed, they are then smuggled across the borders of Mexico and the United States. When the illegal drugs reach the United States, they are then distributed to many drug dealers around the country. These substances are then sold in our neighborhoods, our cities and states to those corrupted enough to purchase them. Sometimes the people that buy these large quantities of drugs have drug addictions, but a lot of the time it’s people that are addicted to money that sell to the addicts for a price of good profit. Customs Agents and x-ray devices that are at the borders are the only factors that need to be bypassed in order to successfully smuggle drugs into the United States. A lot of the times, illegal substances are stopped and confiscated at our borders. However, the effort to prevent the smuggling of drugs has not reached a one hundred percent success rate. Organized crime groups from Mexico have been smuggling marijuana into the United States since the early 1970s. Which may be surprising to some, being that president Richard Nixon declared a â€Å"war on drugs† in 1971. These groups maintain a wide range of associates, often related through family or regional ties to associates living in the United States. In my opinion this makes drug trafficking seem even more dangerous than it already is. It’s scary enough that people are sneaking drugs into our country, but knowing that they live here and not knowing where or who is even scarier. According to Mark Kleiman, â€Å"Most of the illicit drugs consumed in the United States come through or from Mexico, and virtually all the revenue of Mexican drug-trafficking organizations comes from sales to the United States†. What this says to me is that the United States has got to be at the top of the charts for the largest illegal drug trafficking market. This also means that not only are other countries at fault for bringing illegal drugs into our country, but the drug dealers and drug users that live in our country are making the United States seem at fault as well for keeping the system going. If you ask me, the president of Mexico should worry about the amount of legal drugs leaving his country and declare somewhat of a â€Å"war on drugs† like president Richard Nixon did in 1971. Although the war on drugs still continues, it at least makes it known that there is a solution in progress and sooner or later it will be in effect. â€Å"Mexico is the highway of the drug trade, not the destination-or so goes the conventional wisdom†, says Malcolm Beith. (Newsweek. New York: August 17, 2009 Vol. 154, Iss. 7) The United States has been fighting a losing war against drugs for decades. Budgets have increased dramatically over the last two decades and drug-related incarcerations consistently reach new records yet drug problems worsen: adolescent drug abuse is increasing, overdose deaths are at record levels, heroin and cocaine are cheaper, more pure and more available than ever before, and health problems related to drugs, especially the spread of HIV/AIDS are peaking. Meanwhile an expensive and ineffective policy is failing to work at a rate of speed that is sufficient enough. Drug problems can be reduced at less cost if we change course and start thinking and using strategies that actually work. At a time like this when the federal budget is limited programs need to be re-evaluated. Funding needs to go to programs that work. We need new ideas to save lives; we can’t afford to continue to be wrong. Police have done their jobs with record arrests, drug seizures and record incarceration of drug offenders yet drug problems continue to worsen. Something different must happen soon before this growing problem becomes too out of hand. According to the National Coalition for Effective Drug Policies, there are a number of different things that may have to happen to ensure a change. These are, shift resources into programs that work, make treatment available on request like any other health service, prevent drug abuse by investing in American youth and providing them with accurate information, focus law enforcement resources on the most dangerous and violent criminals, international drug control efforts should be demilitarized and focus on economic development, restore justice to the US justice system, respect state’s rights and allow new approaches to be tried, and make prevention of HIV and other blood borne diseases a top priority. This may seem like a lot on paper but in exchange for a better society it is no question that whatever needs to happen must happen quick. The war on drugs has now been going on for over forty years and our government still continues to fight hard to end it. As long as our government stays strong and continues to pursue this problem, I believe that it will one day happen. And possibly even more important than that, as long as we citizens of the United States stay strong and say no to drugs or drug activity, we will continue to grow as a country and make for a better place to grow and raise our children.

Design of Compressed Natural Gas Cylinders

Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 IntroductionThis chapter [ 2 ] provides a description of the undertaking and an overview of surveies related to laminated force per unit area vas. It surveys the literature covering with the design and research work on different composite stuffs. It besides reviews the laminate analysis in the visible radiation of classical failure theories. Furthermore it tends to cover the impact of multilayered subdivisions of heterogenous stuff along with the fibre orientation on the stress distribution of force per unit area vas. It besides contain process to plan composite force per unit area vas in the visible radiation of old findings in the existing literature. This chapter besides include the methodological analysis to continue on the undertaking and behavior analysis utilizing Matlab a clip tested package.2.2 Project DescriptionThe usage of metal based CNG cylinders are popularly turning with heightening fatal hazards and menaces manifolds. In Pakistan, the usage of metal based CNG cylinder are turning really fast and therefore adding to multifaceted inadvertent hazards due to low quality criterion cylinders and their mishandling. The grounds behind these effects are use of low quality dyer's rocket and expired kits. A careful estimation shows that out of 10 metal CNG cylinders four are at hazard due to chance of blast and fatal accidents in private and public conveyance vehicles. These in fact are going beginning of serious menaces to human life and cultivate the demand to look into and convey frontward an alternate safe solution. For this intent, metal CNG cylinders may necessitate to be replaced and composite or other stuffs may be the best solution. We will research the chance of composite CNG cylinder under this undertaking. This predominating state of affairs in Pakistan emphasiss on the demand to look into the failing of metal based CNG cylinder and come up with an alternate feasible solution non merely stronger plenty than metal based CNG cylinders but besides cut down the hazard of fatal accidents and life menaces to the consumer. In other words, there is a demand to carry on empirical probe that help us to convey and alternate safe and strong beginning of CNG cylinder fabrication based on composite or other stuffs and compare its viability and strength with the bing metal based CNG cylinder. This survey seek to bridge bing spread in CNG cylinder fabrication and propose some feasible solution to get the better of by taking the restraints with an purpose to hold a feasible alternate solution of high strength, environmental friendly composite CNG cylinder. The undertaking attempt to supply a hazard free competitory merchandise. In this respect, we considered Carbon/Epoxy for the most optimized conseque nces with the high facet of strength and high weight decrease of CNG cylinder. For farther betterment optimisation of wall thickness and fiber orientation is besides be done. We will prove each bed of laminated force per unit area vas with the application of Tsai-Hill failure standards. This application will surely assist us to plan a hazard free composite CNG cylinder. The survey will continue with the specific aim enlisted in to following subdivision.2.3 Aims of the surveyThe chief aim of this survey is to look into the failings of bing metal based CNG cylinder and convey up an alternate feasible solution non merely stronger plenty than metal based CNG cylinders but besides cut down the hazard of fatal accidents and life menaces to the consumer. For this intent, we will analyze the emphasis distribution produced in thin wall metal based CNG cylinder in the visible radiation of different finite component analysis packages and place the weak parts. Hoop and longitudinal emphasiss wi ll be calculated by theoretical analysis of thin wall metal cylinder. Keeping in position the penetration obtained from theoretical and finite component analysis mistake computation will be done. As we have standardized standards, the FEA package with the least mistake will be selected for farther proceeding. We will plan a laminated CNG cylinder on the same specification as of bing metal CNG cylinder. We will further optimise the design by optimisation of angle and thickness of laminated force per unit area vas. The Matlab codification will be generated for laminate analysis of composite CNG cylinder. Subsequently on the Matlab computation will be verified by utilizing ANSYS Workbench 15. The consequences of our design for composite CNG cylinder will be justified from bing literature at domestic ( if any ) and international degree. To gauge and analyse the consequence of fibre orientation on stress distribution of composite CNG cylinder, analysis will be run on different fibre angle orientation. Before continuing on the undertaking in systematic mode we will wish to seek penetration from bing literature in the force per unit area vas context.2.4 General Overview of LiteratureThe history of semisynthetic composite stuff is spread over more than 6000 old ages. The earliest semisynthetic composite stuffs were straw and clay combined to organize bricks for edifice building. Fiber-reinforced composite stuffs besides additions popularity ( despite their by and large high cost ) in high-performance merchandises that needs to be lightweight yet strong plenty to take rough lading conditions ( Shaffer,1993 ) . After the gradual development in the field of complexs over clip it was 2006 when a fiber-reinforced complex was introduced for residential every bit good as commercial usage as a non-corrosive option to steel ( Waterman, 2007 ) . A farther development was observed in 2007 wherein a military vehicle named â€Å" Humvee † , the first all-composite military vehicle, was introduced by TPI Composites Inc and Armor Holdings Inc. It was improved in 2008 by uniting C fibre and Kevlar ( five times stronger than steel ) with enhanced thermoset rosins to do military theodolite instances by ECS Composites making 30-percent igniter instances with high strength ( Pamela J, 2009 ) . This lead to a systematic research on the topic affair which is reviewed in the following subdivision.2.5 General Overview of composite force per unit area vasAs stated in the old bomber subdivision that systematic research work on composite force per unit area vass was initiated late that is i.e. In first decennary of the new millenary ( Sheffer, 1993 ; Waterman, 2007 ; Pamela J, 2009 ; and Rayapuri Ashok and Ranjith Kumar, 2013 ) . Therefore there is utmost vestry of cognition on composite force per unit area vas. To the best of our cognition, there are merely a few surveies are available in this country but research work associating to Pakistan is farther pantie or non bing. Wang Yingjun ( 2010 ) conducted a survey in Japan and a finite component theoretical account of C fibre reinforced polymer ( CFRP ) force per unit area vas with aluminium line drive is established by ANSYS finite component package. The component utilized in the survey was Shell-99 ( 4 node ) . The outer fibril lesion fibres were overwrapped by both hoop twist and coiling twist methods. He found that safety was critical because of high working force per unit area which was more than 35MPa. He conducted the inactive analysis of the vas. The burst force per unit area was predicted farther. He found when interior force per unit area increased up to 65MPa, the maximal tensile emphasis of the first CFRP ply reached rupture strength of CFRP. So the force per unit area 65MPa was regarded as the explosion force per unit area. Rayapuri Ashok and Ranjith Kumar ( 2013 ) in their survey discussed design and analysis of multilayer high force per unit area composite vass along with their advantages over single-channel block vas. Using Abaqus FEA package for burst force per unit area analysis of CFRP composite force per unit area vass for assorted fiber orientation angles, they calculated stress concentration on dish-shaped part. They used element type Solid-46 ( 8 node ) and optimized the fibre angle orientation by analysing the fibre helically for assorted orientations such as [ +25 °/-25 ° ] s, [ +35 °/-35 ° ] s, [ +45 °/-45 ° ] s, [ +55 °/-55 ° ] s, [ +65 °/-65 ° ] s, and [ +75 °/-75 ° ] s. For this intent they utilized burst force per unit area of 35MPa along with rules specified in American Society of Mechanical Engineers ( A.S.M.E ) Sec VIII Division 1. The survey found a per centum economy in stuff of 28.48 % utilizing multilayered composite vass in the topographic point of solid walled vas of SA515 Grade 70 steel. They furthered their probe and used multilayered CFRP stuff and saved 91.62 % stuff when compared to SA515 Grade 70 steel stuff vass. The explosion force per unit areas for assorted fiber orientations are predicted utilizing the Tsai-Wu failure standards. The  ± 25 ° fiber orientation angle is obtained as the optimal fibre orientation angle for the composite force per unit area vas subjected to high internal force per unit area burden. B.Vijay Kiran ( 2012 ) developed an analytical theoretical account for anticipation of optimal fiber orientations for given bed thicknesses. He selected fiber volume fraction= 0.65 and= 0.35 which was acceptable to the present composite force per unit area vas working at 3MPa internal force per unit area. He found optimal value of fiber orientation which was  ±55 ° for glass epoxy and  ±65 ° angle for C fibre. From the finite component analysis study the maximal emphasis obtained in each lamina ( for  ±55,  ±65 degrees weaving angle ) was less than the allowable on the job strength. The factor of Safety 3 was taken for the fibre reinforced composite stuff to get the better of material design and fabrication defects. The mean critical buckling force per unit area was obtained from finite element analysis study was 4.0684N/mm2, which was more than the maximal on the job force per unit area 3N/mm2. Comparison of stiffened and unstiffened complex shell was done by both theoretically and analytically techniques and he found that the stiffened cylinder has more clasping opposition than that of the unstiffened one. Javad Marzbanrad ( 2013 ) investigated the design and analysis of high force per unit area composite vass based on â€Å" unit burden method † along with complete structural analysis and rating of weariness life-time were performed utilizing finite element commercial codification ABAQUS. He selected fiber volume fraction= 0.75 and= 0.25 and element Shell-99 ( 8 node ) . He found that the weariness life-time of vas depends on the finite component mesh size, cleft denseness and ratio in an component. K.M.Pandey ( 2014 ) investigated the clasping behaviour of reasonably thin walled filament-wound carbon–epoxy cylinders subjected to hydrostatic force per unit area. A entire 9 figure of composite laminates were considered for finite component analysis. He used Finite component package ANSYS 14.0 and three finite component plan ACOS win, MSC/NASTRAN and MSC/MARC to formalize the consequences. He besides used Element 281 ( 8 node ) to make the finite component theoretical account. The ANSYS shell component theoretical account predicted the buckling force per unit area with 1.5 % divergence from the other three finite component consequences. 2.6 Methodology We in our survey and convey for a alternate solution will analyze the emphasis distribution produced in thin wall metal based CNG cylinder in the visible radiation of different finite component analysis packages and place the weak parts. Hoop and longitudinal emphasiss will be calculated by theoretical analysis of thin wall metal cylinder.Theoretical analysis of bing metal CNG cylinder will besides be conducted in the visible radiation of insight addition from work by P.Beer and Johnson ( 2006 ) . The demand for theoretical analysis emerged as to supply a base for design of composite CNG cylinder. Keeping in position the penetration obtained from theoretical and finite component analysis mistake computation will be done. As we have standard standards the FEA package with the least mistake will be selected for farther proceeding.We will plan a laminated CNG cylinder on the same specification as of bing metal CNG cylinder. We will further optimise the design by optimisation of angle and thickness of laminated force per unit area vas. The Matlab codification will be generated for laminate analysis of composite CNG cylinder. The Matlab computation will be verified by utilizing ANSYS Workbench 15. The consequences of our design for composite CNG cylinder will be justified from bing literature at domestic and international degree. To gauge and analyse the consequence of fibre orientation on stress distribution of composite CNG cylinder, analysis will be run on different fibre angle orientation.2.7 Matlab codification for design of composite force per unit area vasclear all clc % Design of composite force per unit area vas % Properties of C fibre/epoxy with 60 % volume fraction % SI unit system fprintf ( ‘Design Of Composite Pressure Vessel ‘ ) fprintf ( ‘Properties of Carbon Fibre/Epoxy with 60 per centum Volume fraction ‘ ) fprintf ( ‘Modulus of Elasticity in Longitudinal Direction ‘ ) E1=134*10^9 % Pa fprintf ( ‘Modulus of snap in cross way ‘ ) E2=7*10^9 % Pa fprintf ( ‘Shear Modulus ‘ ) G12=4.2*10^9 % Pa fprintf ( ‘ Posion Ratio ‘ ) v12=0.25 fprintf ( ‘ Longitudinal tensile break strength ‘ ) XT=1270e6 % Pa fprintf ( ‘ Transverse tensile break strength ‘ ) YT=42e6 % Pa fprintf ( ‘ Shear Strength ‘ ) Sh=90e6 % Poision Ratio fprintf ( ‘Longitudinal compressive break strength ‘ ) XC=1130e6 % Pa fprintf ( ‘Transverse compressive break strength ‘ ) YC=141e6 % Pa fprintf ( ‘Inner radius of force per unit area vas ‘ ) r=.1335 % m % Inner radius of force per unit area vas fprintf ( ‘Burust force per unit area applied ‘ ) p=75e6 % MPa % Pressure applied fprintf ( ‘Thickness of force per unit area vas ‘ ) t1=0.01182 ; % m % Thickness of force per unit area vas fprintf ( ‘Compliance Matrix ‘ ) S= [ 1/E1 -v12/E1 0 ; -v12/E1 1/E2 0 ; 0 0 1/G12 ] fprintf ( ‘Stiffness Matrix ‘ ) Q=inv ( S ) % Stress computation fprintf ( ‘Stress calculation ‘ ) fprintf ( ‘Sigma-x ‘ ) sigmax= ( p*r ) / ( 2*t1 ) % Longitudinal emphasis ‘ fprintf ( ‘Sigma-y ‘ ) sigmay= ( p*r ) /t1 % Hoop emphasis fprintf ( ‘Txy ‘ ) Txy =0 % Shear emphasis fprintf ( ‘Optimized angle in degree ‘ ) o=54.7 % Optimized angle in grade % Stress computation at merely optimized angle fprintf ( ‘Stress computation at optimized angle ‘ ) fprintf ( ‘Longitudinal emphasis at optimized angle ‘ ) sigma1= ( sigmax* ( cosd ( o ) ^2 ) ) + ( sigmay* ( Sind ( o ) ^2 ) ) % Longitudinal emphasis at optimized angle fprintf ( ‘Transverse emphasis at optimized angle ‘ ) sigma2= ( sigmax*sind ( o ) ^2 ) + ( sigmay*cosd ( o ) ^2 ) % cross emphasis at optimized angle fprintf ( ‘Shear emphasis at optimized angle ‘ ) Taa12= – ( sigmax*sind ( o ) *cosd ( o ) ) + ( sigmay*sind ( o ) *cosd ( o ) ) +Txy* ( cosd ( o ) ^2-sind ( O ) ^2 ) % Shear Stress at Optimized angle S= [ 1/E1 -v12/E1 0 ; -v12/E1 1/E2 0 ; 0 0 1/G12 ] ; Q=inv ( S ) ; fprintf ( ‘Angle orientation ‘ ) Angles= [ 0 90 54.7 54.7 90 0 ] fprintf ( ‘Thickness distribution ‘ ) t= [ 0.59 1.18 4.13 4.13 1.18 0.59 ] *10^-3 h=0 ; n_layers=length ( T ) ; for i=1: n_layers h=h+t ( I ) ; terminal omega ( 1 ) =-h/2 ; omega ( n_layers+1 ) =h/2 ; for i=2: n_layers omega ( I ) =z ( i-1 ) +t ( i-1 ) ; terminal A=zeros ( 3,3 ) ; B=zeros ( 3,3 ) ; D=zeros ( 3,3 ) ; for i=1: n_layers A= A + ( Qbar ( Q, Angles ( I ) ) * ( omega ( i+1 ) – omega ( I ) ) ) ; B= B + ( Qbar ( Q, Angles ( I ) ) * ( omega ( i+1 ) ^2 – omega ( I ) ^2 ) /2 ) ; D= D + ( Qbar ( Q, Angles ( I ) ) * ( omega ( i+1 ) ^3 – omega ( I ) ^3 ) /3 ) ; terminal fprintf ( ‘ABD Matrix ‘ ) ABD= [ A B ; B D ] fprintf ( ‘Forces Calculation ‘ ) NM = 10^3* [ 499 ; 998 ; 500 ; 0 ; 0 ; 0 ] fprintf ( ‘Calculating Initail Strain ‘ ) strainxy = inv ( ABD ) *NM % initial strain + curvatures Qavg=zeros ( 3,3 ) ; fprintf ( ‘Calculating Q-bar for each bed ‘ ) for i=1: n_layers Qavg= Qavg + ( ( Qbar ( Q, Angles ( I ) ) * ( omega ( i+1 ) – omega ( I ) ) ) /h ) ; fprintf ( ‘layer = % vitamin D, z = % 0.1f mm ‘ , I, omega ( i+1 ) *1000 ) Q_bar=Qbar ( Q, Angles ( I ) ) terminal fprintf ( ‘Calculating Q-average ‘ ) Q_avg=Qavg fprintf ( ‘Calculating S-average ‘ ) Savg=inv ( Qavg ) fprintf ( ‘Modulus of snap in x-axis direction ‘ ) Ex=1/Savg ( 1,1 ) fprintf ( ‘Modulus of snap in y-axis direction ‘ ) Ey=1/Savg ( 2,2 ) fprintf ( ‘Shear Modulus ‘ ) Gxy=1/Savg ( 3,3 ) vxy=-Savg ( 1,2 ) *Ex fprintf ( ‘Stress computation for each bed ‘ ) for i=1: n_layers fprintf ( ‘layer = % vitamin D, z = % 0.1f mm ‘ , I, omega ( i+1 ) *1000 ) fprintf ( ‘Strain-xy Produced in the bed ‘ ) strainxyk = strainxy ( 1:3,1:1 ) + omega ( I ) *strainxy ( 4:6,1:1 ) fprintf ( ‘Stress-xy Produced in the bed ‘ ) stressxyk = Qbar ( Q, Angle ( I ) ) *strainxyk stressLT=TM ( Angles ( I ) ) *stressxyk fprintf ( ‘layer = % vitamin D, z = % 0.1f mm ‘ , I, omega ( i+1 ) *1000 ) StrainLT=S*stressLT fprintf ( ‘Longitudinal Strain ‘ ) Strain_Longitudinal=StrainLT ( 1,1 ) % Longitudinal strain fprintf ( ‘Transverse Strain ‘ ) Strain_Transverse=StrainLT ( 2,1 ) % Transverse Strain fprintf ( ‘Longitudinal Stress ‘ ) Stress_Longitudinal=stressLT ( 1,1 ) % Longitudinal Stress fprintf ( ‘Transverse Stress ‘ ) Stress_Transverse=stressLT ( 2,1 ) % Transverse Stress fprintf ( ‘Shear Stress ‘ ) Stress_Shear= stressLT ( 3,1 ) fprintf ( ‘Applying Tsai–Hill standards ‘ ) Alpha= ( stressLT ( 1,1 ) /XT ) ^2- ( stressLT ( 1,1 ) *stressLT ( 2,1 ) /XT^2 ) + ( stressLT ( 2,1 ) /YT^2 ) + ( stressLT ( 3,1 ) /Sh ) ^2 if Alpha & A ; lt ; =1 fprintf ( ‘Ok Layer is safe ‘ ) else fprintf ( ‘Not Ok Layer is non safe ‘ ) terminal terminal2.8 DrumheadThree is a scarceness of literature in this the country of composite stuffs. Most of the literature available on composite force per unit area vas is about optimisation of fiber orientation while major part of it is about Glass fiber wherein the research workers identified the emphasis distribution utilizing different fiber orientation. These surveies found the consequence curtailing weight decrease by about 29 % ( K.M.Pandey, 2014 ; Javad Marzbanrad, 2013 ; and Rayapuri Ashok, 2013 ) . For analysis purpose many of research workers benefited from ANSYS as the finite component analysis package because this to them provides more user friendly interface and extremely elaborate analysis compatibility. They selected Shell-99 and Solid-46 ( 8 node ) as component for more optimized consequences. Their most important findings were that Carbon/Epoxy had provided the highest strength consequences with a comparatively high weight decrease. They conducted their probe at 54.7 ° because they presume that it could supply the most optimized consequences but it may non be allowable practically as referred by B.Vijay Kiran ( 2012 ) . They have besides selected 4 and 8 node elements wherein 16 node component is preferred because of its more precise consequences. The other surveies under reappraisal besides used maximal shear emphasis theory while on the other manus Tsai-Hill failure theory provide more better consequences in multilayered laminate analysis. These surveies besides used Abaqus package which may give less attested consequences when compared to analysis through ANSYS Workbench. We in our survey attempt to get the better of this spread and convey a feasible alternate solution of high strength, environmental friendly composite CNG cylinder.We have utilized Matlab for numerical analysis of laminated force per unit area vas. The merchandise will travel through a battery of trial in order to conform its genuineness and cogency.